فصلنامه ابن سینا
سال بیست و دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 71، تابستان 1399)

Depression and anxiety are variables that undermine adolescentschr('39') mental health. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of family mode deactivation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acceptance-commitment therapy on depression and anxiety of adolescent girls.

The research method was quasi-experimental, and the research design was four groups in three stages: pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up. Among mothers of 120 adolescent girls aged 14-18 years, in Isfahan in the summer of 2019, the mothers of 60 adolescent were assigned to three experimental groups and one control group (each group with 15 adolescents) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Kovas depression inventory and the Cattle anxiety questionnaire were used. Family mode deactivation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acceptance-commitment therapy groups received therapy in 10 sessions. The data were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance and post-hoc Bonferroni test.

The results showed that in depression and anxiety, there was a significant difference between family mode deactivation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acceptance-commitment therapy compared with the control group (p<0.01). There was also no significant difference between the three treatments in depression, but there was a significant difference in anxiety between family mode deactivation therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (p<0.01).

This study showed that family mode deactivation therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and acceptance-commitment therapy were among the therapies that can treat depression and anxiety in adolescent girls.

The Akt / FoxO3a pathways is an important player in skeletal and cardiac muscle atrophy. In this study, the expression of Akt / FoxO3a / MAFbx / MuRF1 genes in soleus and heart muscle following exercise and detraining was investigated.

Male mice were randomly assigned to the control and exercise group after familiarization. HIIT training group was randomly divided into three groups of eight after six weeks of intermittent training. After a six-week training period, tissue removal was performed for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd groups respectively after 48 hours, seven days, and 14 days of inactivity. The RT-PCR method was used to investigate gene expresion changes.

Exercise significantly increased the weight of the heart and soleus muscle relative to body weight. However, it decreased after seven and 14 days of inactivity [15% and 22% in the heart muscle (p=0.002) and 9% and 16% in the soleus muscle (p=0.001), respectively]. AKT expression increased in both the heart and the soleus muscles after exercise, while FoxO3a decreased. During exercise, increased FoxO3a activity lead to activation of MAFbx and MuRF1 in the heart muscle and only MAFbx in the soleus muscle.

In cardiomyocytes, like skeletal muscle, FoxO3a activates MAFbx transcroption, which slows or prevents hypertrophy. But changes in MuRF1 showed that the FoxO3a / MuRF1 pathway in the heart and skeletal muscles may have different regulatory mechanisms and react differently.

Exposure to microgravity affects multiple organ systems and cause muscle problems such as muscle atrophy. Therefore, The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of resistance exercise, consumption of ginseng supplementation on growth hormone and insulin resistance in Syrian mice with lower limb suspension.

In this study, 50 male mice were devided into five equal groups including suspension control, suspension+resistance exercise, suspension+ginseng extract, suspension+resistance exercise+ginseng extract, and control (normal conditions). Training groups were trained on ladders for eight weeks, three times in a week. Ginseng extract were administered by gavage to extract receiving groups for three days in a week for eight weeks. Weightless environment created by utilizing lower limbs suspension. Blood and serum samples were collected 72 hours after the last exercise session and investigated for growth hormone changes and insulin tolerance. One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis and comparison between groups.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the effect of resistance exercise with and without consumption of ginseng extract under the conditions of lower limb suspension (p=0.001), but there was no significant difference on insulin resistance.

This study showed that both significant increase in growth hormone and non-significant decrease in insulin resistance could be the reducer of the muscle atrophy induced by suspension and be another evidence of the effects of sport activities on the mechanism of protein synthesis.

In recent years, investigations on the use of plants as a source for antioxidant components have been increased. This study aimed to investigate the role of supplements of pumpkin seeds and exercise activity on tissue oxidative stress factors in liver of male rats poisoned with hydrogen peroxide.

A total of 48 adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to six groups of n = 8 including sham, pumpkin seeds 1g/Kg, pumpkin seeds 2g/kg, exercise, training+pumpkin seeds 1g/Kg, and training+pumpkin seeds 2g/Kg. To induce oxidative stress, intraperitoneal injection of H2O2 at a dose of 2mmol/Kg was given three times a week. The induction of pumpkin seed supplement was administered orally at 0.5 μg daily at a concentration of 300,000 UI/ml. The endurance training protocol started at 8m/min with 10-degree incline was started for 30 minutes on the treadmill in the first week and gradually increased to 20m/min with 10-degree incline for 60 minutes on the eighth week.

The results of this study showed that endurance training had a significant effect on the concentration of ATP, PAB, MDA, and 6-Methylguanine in liver tissue (p=0.001). Pumpkin seeds also had a significant effect on the concentration of ATP, PAB in liver tissue (p=0.001). Exercise in combination with pumpkin seeds supplementation had significant effect on the concentration of PAB, MDA, and 6-Methylguanine in the liver tissue (p=0.001).

Complementary nutrition with pumpkin seeds and endurance training can reduce oxidative stress in the liver tissue.

Equity in the health system is “peoplechr('39')s access to the health services according to their needs, paying for healthcare based on the financial ability, and having an acceptable level of health”. Equitable distribution of hospital beds plays an important role in achieving the goal of universal health coverage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate equity in the geographical distribution of hospital beds in Khuzestan Province.

Data from the Ministry of Health and the statistics center of Iran were used for this descriptive and cross-sectional study. Hospitals of Khuzestan Province in 2016 formed the research community. The equity in the distribution of hospital beds has been measured using the Lorenz curve and the Gini coefficient. Excel software was applied for data analysis.

Khuzestan Province had a population of 4,710,509 and 54 hospitals with 7,014 active hospital beds in 2016. There were 1.1 hospitals per hundred thousand population and 1.5 hospital beds per thousand population in the province. The cities of Ahwaz, Karun, and Masjed Soleiman had the most hospital beds per people. About 30% of hospitals and 51% of hospital beds were in Ahvaz. The Gini coefficient of distribution of hospital beds in the cities of Khuzestan was 0.33.

The distribution of hospital beds in Khuzestan province using the Gini index was relatively fair. Policymakers and senior health managers should take measure to improve equity in the access of people to hospital beds.

The most important challenge in aviation is to provide the health of passengers and flight crew. The spread of infectious agents, especially respiratory viruses, is always a major concern when human are gathered in a closed space and can lead to become disablility or death.

A comprehensive review on pandemic SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) and other respiratory-transmitted viruses in air travels was conducted using databases, speicialized books on aerospace medicine, travel medicine, national and international references for medical advice, medical regulations and guidelines.

The first step is to classify the intensity of flight hazard into low, medium, and high levels. Effective screening is necessary before boarding a plane to check for signs of infections in passengers and flight crew, and then measuring body temperature and regular measurements of it in flights over four hours. If the infection is confirmed, a report to health authorities, a 14- day quarantine for everyone until complete recovery, and the use of personal protective methods and observance of principles and hygiene recommendations in flight is necessary. Infection control measures and up-to-date principles of disinfection of aircraft equipment and devices are also important points in maintaining health in aviation.

With the expansion of international air travels, most viral respiratory infections, especially from asymptomatic carriers, occur during flight,  and consequently the plane will not be a clean and safe place. Despite regulations, recommendations, and numerous guidelines in aviation medicine, close cooperation and interaction between medical communities and the aviation industry can successfully eradicate COVID-19 transmission chain.

COVID-19 crisis posed a major challenge to the hospital management system to which effectiveness, safety, and the patientchr('39')s centrality can be considered in designing and implementing disease management strategies and controlling the spread of disease in the near future. Lack of data and models for predicting the spread of disease may lead to confusion in health care resources, due to the extent and severity of injuries and disrupt  basic hospital programs and services. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of using the maximum capacity of hospitals in the face of COVID-19 pandemic.

The research was conducted through narrative review studies using appropriate keywords such as COVID-19, human resources, finance resources, equipment, and hospitals in reliable electronic databases from March 1 to April 30, 2020, and articles with full text and coherent structure were reviewed.

Out of 3,024 identified articles, 62 articles with related title, abstract, and full text were reviewed, and the main findings of the study were classified into two sections: hospital management and activation of hospital wards and staff.

Developing emergency programs and activating them in the hospital, explaining the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the first responders, training how to implement methods of prevention and control of infections in the hospital, organizing human resources, using all available capacities in hospitals, Including human resources, financial resources and equipment, and creating a database will be helpful in dealing with the corona crisis.

With the spread of Covid-19 cases throughout the world, including Iran, the level of stress and anxiety has also increased. However, due to the danger of transmission of the disease and quarantine conditions, direct and face-to-face access to  mental health professionals is limited and even impossible. Since providing psychological services through telecommunication and technology is not very common in Iran, and there is no specific instruction in Iranian ethical codes, the purpose of this study was to review the existent ethical considerations in providing remote psychological services.

This narrative review was conducted using key words including: telepsychiatry, telepsychotherapy, ethics, and code of ethics in the official website of psychology association or organization of different countries and also in national as well as international databases, regulations, instructions, and verified articles in this field.

ethical principles in providing remote psychological services are similar to those of psychology, but etical standards such as eligibility and confidentiality require considerations that must be taken into account.

in order to provide the optimal psychological services and prevention of possible damages, if a psychologist, after the necessary evaluation, decides to provide online psychological services, he or she should have the necessary competencies in using communication technology . additionally, they should be aware of the related ethical principles and standards and apply them.

Man-made crises such as war expose vulnerable groups, especially childrento a variety of problems. Insufficient intake of some cetain foods exposes the child to malnutrition.The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of human-made crises on childrenchr('39')s nutrition.

This was a review study. All research here Includes keywords like "man-made disasters", "child nutrition", "effective factors", and "malnutrition" in national and international data banks in the period of time between 1995 and 2018.

From the initial 25 articles in the study based on input and output criteria, eight main studies were selected and after extracting the data, it was found that malnutrition is very important for children in times of disaster. Finaly, the extracted information was discussed.

In the conditions of crisis and disasters, the limitation of food sources and the reduction of energy intake, including micronutrients and vitamins, make crisis-stricken people to a variety of infections and diseases, and this increases the mortality of children. Therefore, it is necessary to support vulnerable groups in the response and recovery phase by implementing care and treatment programs  and useful knowledge development at all levels of society in preparation for the disaster.

Considering the importance of depression is student groups and its effect on their academic achievements, this study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral activation group therapy on the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and quality of life in the students’ Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.

The current research design was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, and the control group. After clinical evaluations and qualifications, 30 medical students were selected randomly, and then replaced in two groups of experimental and control of 15 subjects. The experimental group received the behavioral activation therapy in 8 sessions; however, the control group received no interventions. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Short Quality of Life Questionnaire (SF-36) were used to collect data. The multivariate analysis of variance was employed to analyze data.

The results indicated that the experimental and control groups were significantly different from each other in terms of depression, anxiety, and quality of life (p<0.001). In other words, the level of depression and anxiety declined significantly in the experimental group compared with pretest and the control group; however, the quality of life increased in the experimental group.

The present study indicated that behavioral activation therapy would be an appropriate treatment for medical students to reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety and increase their quality of life.

Given the harmful consequences of aggression on adolescents and those around them, this research was performed with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of the dialectical behavior therapy skills training on emotion regulation of female aggressive students.

This study was a clinical trial with pre-test, post-test, and a 2-month follow-up on 24 female students. The sampling method was purposeful. For this goal, a call was sent to second-level secondary school counsellors to refer the female students who are studying in the second and third bases and are suspected of aggression. For collecting data, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) developed by Gratz and Roemer and Bass and Perry Aggression Questionnaire were used. From the students referred to the education counselling center in Lahijan City, 24 subjects who had aggression disorder, a score lower than 69.99, were selected, and then they were assigned randomly into control and experimental groups The experimental group underwent 14 sessions of the dialectical behavior therapy skills training and the control group was registered in the waiting list.

The results of data analysis showed that there is not a significant difference between the mean difficulty scores of emotion regulation of aggressive girls who received the dialectical behavior therapy skills training and those of aggressive girls who didn’t receive this method (p<0.05).

This research showed that although the skill-training of dialectical behaviour therapy reduces the difficulty emotion regulation of aggressive girls, but this amount is not statistically significant.